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Basic verb conjugation |
bolna, masculine -ta/-te |
ana, feminine -ti/-tiiN |
notes |
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Verbitaivutuslista |
remove -na |
remove -na |
minä puhun (yleensä, tavanomaisesti) |
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NEGATIVE: nahi placed before the verb usually in all
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1. present tense general |
maiN bolta huN |
maiN ati huN |
maiN nahiN bolta huN / maiN bolta nahiN |
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singular: you* |
tum bolte ho, ap bolte haiN |
tum atiiN ho, ap atiiN haiN |
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singular:he, she, this, that |
ye/vo bolta hai |
ye/vo ati hai |
vo nahiN bolta hai / vo bolta nahi |
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ham bolte haiN |
ham atiiN haiN |
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plural: you |
ap boilte haiN |
ap antiiN haiN |
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plural: they, these, those |
ye/vo bolte haiN |
ye/vo atiiN haiN |
vo nahiN bolte haiN / vo bolte nahi |
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*tum/ap require plural verb |
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endings: ta/ti/te/tiiN + hona |
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2. present tense continuos |
maiN bol raha huN |
maiN a rahi huN |
minä puhun/olen puhumassa |
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tum/ap |
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* negation uncommon |
ye/vo |
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ham |
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ap |
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ye/vo |
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vo nahiN bol rahe haiN |
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endings a/i/e/iiN +rahna +hona present tense |
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3. imperfect general |
maiN bolta tha |
maiN ati thi |
minä puhuin (yleensä, tavanomaisesti) |
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pairs with no. 1 |
tum/ap |
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* unending aspect |
ye/vo |
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compare with 5. |
ham |
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(finished, specified aspect) |
ap |
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ye/vo |
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vo nahiN ate the |
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endings ta/ti/te/tiiN + tha/thi/the/thiiN (hona past tense) |
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4. imperfect continuos |
maiN bol raha tha |
maiN a rahi thi |
minä puhuin/olin puhumassa (tiettynä ajankohtana) |
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pairs with no. 2 |
tumap |
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* happened within |
ye/vo |
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specified time |
ham |
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ap |
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ye/vo |
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endings a/i/e/iiN +rahna + tha/thi/the/thiiN |
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5. past tense |
maiN bola |
maiN ai (maiN aya,
y added in masc.) |
minä puhuin (tiettynä ajanjaksona, joka ei toistu |
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tum/ap |
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ye/vo |
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*finished, specified aspect |
ham |
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ap |
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compare 3. |
ye/vo |
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vo nahiN ae |
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6. perfect |
maiN bola huN |
maiN ai huN (maiN aya huN) |
minä olen puhunut (ja juuri lopettanut) |
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tum/ap |
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* action just finished |
ye/vo |
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or used for verbs describing |
ham |
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physical action (baithna) |
ap |
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ye/vo |
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7. pluskvamperfect |
maiN bola tha |
maiN ai thi / maiN aya
tha |
minä olin puhunut |
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tum/ap |
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ye/vo |
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ham |
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ap |
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ye/vo |
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vo nahiN parhe the |
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8. future |
maiN boluNga |
maiN auNgi / maiN auNga |
minä puhun (tulevaisuudessa) |
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tum |
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ye/vo |
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ham |
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ap |
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ye/vo |
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vo nahiN jaeNge |
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9. imperative |
tu bol (rude or intimate) |
puhu |
mat a / mat bol / älä tule/ älä puhu (voimakas käsky) |
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tum bolo (equal or less) |
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jhut mat bolo! Älä valehtele! |
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ap bolie / boliega
(polite/very polite |
puhukaa, olkaa hyvä |
ap nahi bolie / ap nahi aie / ap na bathie |
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bolna (neutral) |
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mat bolna, na bolna |
