mai.n huu.n == I am tum ho == you are vo hai == he/she/it is ham hai.n == we are aap hai.n == You (polite/plural) are vo hai.n == they are
mai.n thaa == I was mai.n thee == I (f.) was tum the = you were tum thii == you (f.) were vo thaa == he/it was vo thii == she/it was ham the == we were ham thii.n == we (f) were aap the == You were aap thii.n == You (f) were vo the == they were vo thii.n == they (f) were
NOTE: In the feminine plural forms, I'm not
sure if the verb is nasalized or not, ie. whether it's thii.n
or thii, ho.ngii or ho.ngii.n and so on. The experts can
probably clarify that.
Future tense: mai.n huu.ngaa == I will be mai.n huu.ngii == I (f) will be tum hoge == you will be tum hogii == you (f) will be vo hogaa == he/it will be vo hogii == she/it will be ham ho.nge == we will be ham ho.ngii == we (f) will be aap ho.nge == you will be aap ho.ngii == you (f) will be vo ho.nge == they will be vo ho.ngii == they (f) will be
mai.n huaa == I happened/became/came into
existence mai.n huii == I (f) happened tum hue == you happened tum huii == you (f) happened vo huaa == he/it happened vo huii == she/it happened ham hue == we happened ham huii == we (f) happened aap hue == you happened aap huii == you (f) happened vo hue == they happened vo huii == they (f) happened
Now, to conjugate any verb, we use forms of
honaa with the correct stem forms of the verb in question. Let's
conjugate 'lenaa' for just third person masculine singular: vo letaa hai == he takes vo letaa thaa == he used to take vo legaa == he will take vo letaa == he would take vo le rahaa hai == he is taking vo le rahaa thaa == he was taking vo le rahaa hogaa == he will/might be
taking us ne liyaa == he took us ne liyaa hai == he has taken us ne liyaa thaa == he had taken us ne liyaa hogaa == he will/might have
taken us ne liyaa huaa hai == he has taken (and
has it now) us ne liyaa huaa thaa == he had taken it
(and had it) us ne liyaa huaa hogaa == he will/might
have taken it (and have/had it)
Conjugating 'lenaa' again for second person
masculine plural: aap lete hai.n == You take aap lete the == You used to take aap le.nge == You will take aap lete == You would take aap le rahe hai.n == You are taking aap le rahe the == You were taking aap le rahe ho.nge == You will/might be
taking aap ne liyaa == You took aap ne liyaa hai == You have taken aap ne liyaa thaa == You had taken aap ne liyaa hogaa == You will/might have
taken aap ne liyaa huaa hai == You have taken it
(and has it) aap ne liyaa huaa thaa == You had taken it aap ne liyaa huaa hogaa == You will/might
have taken it
The use of 'huaa' here is again in the
sense of the verb having 'happened', the event having come into
existence etc.
If the object given is feminine, replace
the past form 'liyaa' with 'lii' in all conjugations.
As you can see, in forms like 'mai.n letaa
huu.n, tum lete ho' etc, the middle word has a set of forms that go
with the 'huu.n, ho, ...etc'. Let's use the 'present general
tense' (mai.n letaa huu.n == I take) to conjugate the verb for all
persons:
mai.n letaa huu.n == I take mai.n letii huu.n == I (f) take tum lete ho == you take tum letii ho == you (f) take vo letaa hai == he/it takes vo letii hai == she/it takes ham lete hai.n == we take ham letii hai.n == we (f) take aap lete hai.n == You take aap letii hai.n == You (f) take vo lete hai.n == they take vo letii hai.n == they (f) take
The pattern must be becoming evident to
you.
Now let's conjugate 'honaa' to get forms
like 'lenaa' above using 'third person feminine singular', let's use
'shaadi == wedding/marriage' as the noun instead of 'vo'.
shaadii hotii hai == marriage happens shaadii hotii thii == marriage used to
happen shaadii hogii == marriage will happen shaadii hotii == marriage would happen shaadii ho rahii hai == marriage is
happening shaadii ho rahii thii == marriage was
happening shaadii ho rahii hogii == marriage will be
happening shaadii huii == marriage happened shaadii huii hai == marriage has happened shaadii huii thii == marriage had happened shaadii huii hogii == marriage will/might
have happened
(aaj) shaadii hai == (today) the marriage
is. shaadii thii == it was marriage (kal) shaadii thii == (yesterday) the
marriage was.
talaaq huaa == divorce happened.
Let's do a conjugation for all tenses using
the 'first person feminine singular' for the verb 'denaa'. The past
form is 'diyaa' if the object given is masculine and 'dii' if the object
is feminine.
mai.n detii huu.n == I give mai.n detii thii == I used to give mai.n doo.ngii == I will give mai.n detii == I would give mai.n de rahii huu.n == I am giving mai.n de rahii thii == I was giving mai.n de rahii huu.ngii == I will/might be
giving mai.n ne diyaa == I gave mai.n ne diyaa hai == I have given mai.n ne diyaa thaa == I had given mai.n ne diyaa hogaa == I will/might have
given mai.n ne diyaa huaa hai == I have given
(and it's given at the moment) mai.n ne diyaa huaa thaa == I had given mai.n ne diyaa huaa hogaa == I will/might
have given
The future tense again has a fixed set of
endings that you attach to the verb stem. Let's take 'paanaa == to
get/achieve' and conjugate it in the future tense for all persons.
mai.n paauu.ngaa == I will get mai.n paauu.ngii == I (f) will get tum paaoge == you will get tum paaogii == you (f) will get vo paaegaa == he/it will get vo paaegii == she/it will get ham paae.nge == we will get ham paae.ngii == we (f) will get aap paae.nge == You will get aap paae.ngii == You (f) will get vo paae.nge == they will get vo paae.ngii == they (f) will get
Another verb 'Daranaa == to fear, to be
afraid' mai.n Daruu.ngaa == I will be afraid mai.n Daruu.ngii == I (f) will fear tum Daroge == you will fear tum Darogii == you (f) will fear vo Daregaa == he will fear vo Daregii == she will fear ham Dare.nge == we will fear ham Dare.ngii == we (f) will fear aap Dare.nge == You will fear aap Dare.ngii == You (f) will fear vo Dare.nge == they will fear vo Dare.ngii == they (f) will fear
One final conjugation, but this time with 'aanaa
== to come'. Let's take 'second person masculine singular'
this time: mai.n aataa huu.n == I come mai.n aataa thaa == I used to come mai.n aau.ngaa == I will come mai.n aataa == I would come mai.n aa rahaa huu.n == I am coming mai.n aa rahaa thaa == I was coming mai.n aa rahaa huu.ngaa == I will be coming mai.n aayaa == I came mai.n aayaa huu.n == I have come mai.n aayaa thaa == I had come mai.n aayaa huu.ngaa == I will/might have
come
